Python requests 依赖库
本文最后更新于:2021年5月21日晚上6点49分
导入模块
建立会话
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| import requests r = requests.session()
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Get 请求
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| import requests params = {"id" : "1234"} r = requests.get('https://www.xiinnn.com/', params = params)
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Post 请求
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| import requests payload = {'key':'value'} r = requests.post('https://www.xiinnn.com/',data = payload )
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传递URL参数
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| import requests payload = {'p':595} r = requests.get("http://www.xiinnn.com/") 等价于r = requests.get("http://www.xiinnn/com?p=595/")
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获取请求头部信息
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| import requests r = requests.get('https://www.xiinnn.com/') print(r.request.headers) #输出结果: #{'User-Agent': 'python-requests/2.19.1', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate', 'Accept': '*/*', 'Connection': 'keep-alive'}
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响应——编码格式
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| import requests r = requests.get('https://www.xiinnn.com/') print(r.encoding) #打印输出默认的编码格式 r.encoding = 'UTF-8' #修改编码格式
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响应——获取头部信息
获取响应中所有头部信息
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| import requests r = requests.get('https://www.xiinnn.com/') print(r.headers) ''' 输出结果如下 {'Date': 'Mon, 22 Feb 2021 12:16:56 GMT', 'Server': 'Apache', 'Link': '<https://www.xiinnn.com/wp-json/>; rel="https://api.w.org/"', 'Upgrade': 'h2', 'Connection': 'Upgrade, close', 'Vary': 'Accept-Encoding', 'Content-Encoding': 'gzip', 'Content-Length': '4500', 'Content-Type': 'text/html; charset=UTF-8'} '''
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获取响应中特定的信息
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| import requests r = requests.get('https://www.xiinnn.com/') print(r.headers['Content-Length'])
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响应——状态码
输出状态码
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| import requests r = requests.get('https://www.xiinnn.com/') print(r.status_code)
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内置状态码对象(requests.codes.ok)
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| import requests r = requests.get('https://www.xiinnn.com/') print(r.status_code == requests.codes.ok)
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超时:
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| import requests r = requests.get('https://www.xiinnn.com/',timeout = 0.5) #设置超时时间0.5s
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Cookie
快速访问请求头中的Cookie
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| import requests r = requests.get('https://www.xiinnn.com/') print(r.cookies)
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自行设置cookie
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| import requests cookies = {'key','value'} r = requests.get('https://www.xiinnn.com',cookies = cookies)
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